Can cats get COVID-19, and if so, what are the typical symptoms they might exhibit? Furthermore, if a cat contracts COVID-19, how serious is the illness likely to be – is it usually mild, or could it be life-threatening? Finally, what precautions should pet owners take to protect their feline companions from contracting the virus, especially if the owners themselves are COVID-positive?

Answer

Yes, cats can get COVID-19, though it appears to be less common than in humans.

Evidence and Research:

  • Experimental Infections: Studies have shown that cats can be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. These studies often involve introducing the virus to cats in a controlled laboratory setting.
  • Natural Infections: There have been documented cases of cats becoming naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2, typically from close contact with infected humans.
  • Serological Studies: Some serological studies (studies that look for antibodies against the virus) have found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in cat populations, suggesting prior exposure to the virus.

Symptoms:

  • Many cats infected with SARS-CoV-2 show no symptoms at all (asymptomatic).
  • When symptoms do occur, they can include:
    • Respiratory signs: Coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, difficulty breathing
    • Gastrointestinal signs: Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite
    • Lethargy: Reduced activity level
    • Fever

Severity:

  • In general, COVID-19 in cats appears to be mild and self-limiting. Most infected cats recover without specific treatment.
  • Severe illness and death are rare but have been reported, particularly in cats with underlying health conditions.

Transmission:

  • Human-to-Cat: The most common route of transmission is believed to be from infected humans to cats. Close contact with an infected owner is a major risk factor.
  • Cat-to-Cat: Transmission between cats is possible, especially in close quarters.
  • Cat-to-Human: While possible, cat-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is considered to be very rare. The primary risk of human infection remains from other humans.

Diagnosis:

  • Diagnosis is typically made through PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing of nasal, throat, or rectal swabs.
  • Antibody tests can also be used to detect previous exposure to the virus.

Prevention:

  • If you have COVID-19, limit contact with your cat and other pets. If possible, have another member of the household care for your pets while you are ill.
  • Wear a mask around your cat if you are infected with COVID-19.
  • Wash your hands frequently.
  • While there is no COVID-19 vaccine specifically for cats readily available, consult with your veterinarian about measures to protect your cat, especially if you are at high risk of contracting the virus.
  • Avoid exposing your cat to potentially infected people.

Variants:

  • Cats can be infected with different variants of SARS-CoV-2. The clinical signs and severity of infection may vary depending on the specific variant.

Ongoing Research:

  • Research is ongoing to further understand the prevalence, transmission, clinical signs, and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats. Researchers are also investigating the potential role of cats in the spread of the virus.