How common is latex allergy in the general population, and what are the key factors influencing its prevalence, such as geographic location, occupation (especially healthcare workers), and underlying health conditions like spina bifida or multiple surgeries? Furthermore, are there any recent trends or studies suggesting changes in the prevalence of latex allergy, and what are the implications of these changes for public health and preventative measures?

Answer

Latex allergy affects an estimated 1-6% of the general population. Prevalence varies significantly depending on exposure levels. Individuals with high or frequent exposure to latex products are at a higher risk of developing the allergy.

Specific groups with increased risk include:

  • Healthcare Workers: Due to frequent glove use, healthcare workers have a higher prevalence, ranging from 8-12% in some studies.
  • Individuals with Spina Bifida: Approximately 40-68% of individuals with spina bifida develop latex allergy. This is thought to be due to repeated exposure to latex products during medical procedures and potential genetic predispositions.
  • Individuals with Multiple Surgeries: Repeated surgeries, particularly those performed early in life, can increase the risk of sensitization.
  • Individuals with a History of Atopic Conditions: Those with allergies to certain foods (avocado, banana, chestnut, kiwi) or other allergic conditions (eczema, asthma) may be more prone to latex allergy due to cross-reactivity.
  • Rubber Industry Workers: Those working in the manufacture of rubber products may have higher rates due to high levels of airborne latex allergens.

Furthermore, the reported prevalence of latex allergy may vary depending on the diagnostic methods used. Skin prick tests and specific IgE antibody blood tests are commonly used, but results can vary.

Due to increased awareness and the use of latex-free alternatives, the incidence of new cases of latex allergy may be declining in some populations, such as healthcare workers. However, the allergy remains a significant concern for those at high risk.