Can food poisoning cause a fever, and if so, what range of temperatures would be considered a fever in the context of food poisoning? Also, are there specific types of food poisoning that are more likely to cause a fever than others? Are there other symptoms besides fever that typically accompany food poisoning, and how can I differentiate between a fever caused by food poisoning versus a fever caused by, say, a cold or the flu? Finally, when should I seek medical attention for a fever related to suspected food poisoning?
Answer
Yes, food poisoning can cause a fever.
Fever is a common symptom of food poisoning, indicating that the body is fighting off an infection. The fever is triggered by the release of pyrogens, substances that affect the body’s temperature regulation, in response to the presence of bacteria, viruses, or parasites causing the illness.
The intensity and duration of the fever can vary depending on the type of pathogen involved, the amount of contaminated food consumed, and the individual’s overall health.
Common pathogens that cause food poisoning and can lead to fever include:
- Salmonella: Often associated with raw or undercooked poultry, eggs, and meat.
- E. coli (Escherichia coli): Commonly found in contaminated ground beef, raw milk, and produce.
- Campylobacter: Frequently linked to raw or undercooked poultry and unpasteurized milk.
- Listeria: Can be found in ready-to-eat meats, soft cheeses, and unpasteurized dairy products.
- Norovirus: A highly contagious virus often spread through contaminated food or surfaces.
- Shigella: Spread through contaminated food or water, often due to poor hygiene.
Other symptoms that may accompany a fever caused by food poisoning include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and body aches.
In most cases, a fever due to food poisoning is mild and resolves within a few days with supportive care such as rest, hydration, and a bland diet. However, high fever (above 102°F or 39°C) or a fever that persists for more than a few days may indicate a more severe infection requiring medical attention. Infants, young children, pregnant women, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for complications from food poisoning and should seek medical advice promptly if they develop a fever or other concerning symptoms.