Can cats experience jealousy? I’m curious if cats are capable of feeling the complex emotion of jealousy, similar to humans. Specifically, if I bring a new pet (another cat, a dog, or even a human baby) into the house, might my existing cat exhibit behaviors that indicate jealousy, such as aggression towards the newcomer, increased attention-seeking behavior towards me, or withdrawal and depression? Are these behaviors driven by a feeling comparable to human jealousy – a fear of losing affection or resources – or are they simply territorial responses or stress-related reactions? What are the key differences between those possibilities, and is there any scientific evidence supporting the existence of jealousy in cats as a distinct emotion? Finally, are there specific triggers for these behaviors, and what can I do to minimize or address them if they arise?

Answer

Yes, cats can experience jealousy, though it may manifest differently than in humans. While they may not experience the complex emotional cocktail of insecurity and resentment that humans often associate with jealousy, cats certainly display behaviors that suggest they are feeling possessive and threatened when their perceived resources – such as attention from their owner, food, territory, or toys – are being shared with or taken by another individual (human, cat, or other animal).

Here’s a more detailed breakdown:

• Resource guarding: Jealousy in cats often revolves around guarding resources. A cat may become aggressive, vocalize excessively (hissing, growling), block access, or display possessive behavior (e.g., sitting on an owner’s lap and preventing another cat from approaching) when another animal or person threatens their access to food, toys, or their owner’s attention.

• Attention-seeking behavior: A cat feeling jealous of attention being given to another might engage in attention-seeking behaviors to reclaim the spotlight. This could include excessive meowing, rubbing against their owner, jumping on their lap or furniture, or even engaging in destructive behaviors to get noticed.

• Changes in behavior: When a new pet or person enters the household, or even when the owner’s attention shifts (e.g., spending more time on a new hobby), a cat might exhibit noticeable changes in behavior. They may become withdrawn, anxious, start overgrooming, urinate outside the litter box, or display increased aggression towards other animals in the house.

• Subtle cues: Sometimes, jealousy is expressed subtly. A cat might simply stare intently at the object of their jealousy, display tense body language (flattened ears, twitching tail), or avoid interacting with the perceived rival. They may also shadow the object of their jealousy.

• Triggers: Common triggers for jealousy in cats include:

  • The introduction of a new pet, especially another cat.
  • A new baby in the household.
  • A new partner or roommate moving in.
  • Changes in the owner’s routine that lead to less interaction with the cat.
  • Giving attention to another animal in the cat’s presence.
  • Sharing toys or food with another animal.

• Underlying causes: Factors contributing to jealousy in cats:

  • Insecurity: Cats who are already insecure or anxious may be more prone to jealousy.
  • Territoriality: Cats are naturally territorial, and they may perceive the presence of another animal as a threat to their territory.
  • Attachment: Cats form strong attachments to their owners and can become jealous when that bond feels threatened.
  • Previous experiences: Past experiences of resource scarcity or competition can make a cat more sensitive to potential threats.

It’s important to note that while cats can exhibit jealousy-like behaviors, their emotional experience may not be identical to human jealousy. It’s more likely that cats are reacting to perceived threats to their resources and feeling a sense of competition. Recognizing these behaviors and addressing the underlying causes (providing more resources, reassurance, and individual attention) can help mitigate jealousy in cats and maintain a harmonious household.