What are the common signs my computer might be hacked, specifically focusing on changes I might observe in its performance, software behavior, network activity, and any unusual system warnings or security alerts I might receive? Also, are there specific types of files or programs that are commonly targeted or altered during a hack, and how can I identify suspicious activity related to those? I’m also interested in knowing if there are any particular signs that are more indicative of a specific type of hack (e.g., ransomware vs. spyware).

Answer

Common signs that your computer might be hacked include:

• Unusual Computer Behavior: This can manifest in various ways, such as programs opening and closing on their own, the computer running significantly slower than usual, the mouse cursor moving erratically, or frequent crashes and freezes. Unexpected restarts or shutdowns, especially when you haven’t initiated them, are also red flags.

• Ransom Demands: A very direct and alarming sign is a ransom note appearing on your screen demanding payment to regain access to your files or computer. This usually indicates a ransomware attack.

• Fake Antivirus Alerts: Pop-up windows or messages warning about numerous viruses and urging you to purchase a specific security software or call a support number are often scams or malware attempts to trick you into installing more malicious software or giving away personal information.

• Compromised Online Accounts: If you notice unfamiliar activity on your social media, email, or banking accounts (e.g., posts you didn’t make, emails you didn’t send, unauthorized transactions), it’s a strong indicator that your account credentials have been compromised, possibly due to a compromised computer.

• New or Altered Files: Look for files appearing on your computer that you don’t recognize, or files with strange names or extensions. Also, check if existing files have been modified recently without your knowledge. This could be due to malware infection.

• Unusual Network Activity: If your internet connection is running slower than usual or you notice spikes in network activity when you’re not actively using the internet, it could indicate that malware is sending data from your computer to a remote server. You can monitor network activity using tools like the Windows Resource Monitor or third-party network monitoring software.

• Disabled Security Software: Malware often attempts to disable antivirus software, firewalls, or other security tools to avoid detection. If you find that your security software is unexpectedly disabled or you can’t turn it back on, it’s a serious warning sign.

• Browser Redirects and Pop-ups: If your web browser redirects you to websites you didn’t intend to visit or you’re constantly bombarded with pop-up ads, it could indicate that your browser has been hijacked by adware or other malicious software.

• Suspicious Emails and Messages: Be wary of emails or messages with unexpected attachments or links, especially if they come from unfamiliar senders or ask for personal information. Clicking on malicious links can lead to malware infections. Look for poor grammar, spelling errors, and a sense of urgency as common tactics.

• Changes to System Settings: Unauthorized modifications to your computer’s system settings, such as changes to your default browser, homepage, or search engine, can indicate a malware infection. Look for programs that you don’t recognize in your startup list (accessible via Task Manager).

• Unexplained Hard Drive Activity: Constant or excessive hard drive activity when you’re not actively using your computer could indicate that malware is running in the background, scanning files, or encrypting data.

• Webcam or Microphone Activation: A hacked computer might have its webcam or microphone activated without your knowledge. Check your webcam and microphone activity logs (if available) and consider covering your webcam when not in use. Look for the webcam indicator light turning on unexpectedly.

• New Toolbars or Extensions: The unexpected appearance of toolbars or browser extensions that you did not install can be a sign that your computer is infected with malware. These add-ons can track your browsing activity or display unwanted advertisements.

• Password Changes: If you find that your passwords for various accounts have been changed without your authorization, it suggests a security breach. This can happen if a keylogger or other malware has stolen your login credentials.

• File Encryption: If you discover that your files have been encrypted and you cannot open them, it is a strong indication of ransomware. This is often accompanied by a ransom note demanding payment for the decryption key.

• Requests for Two-Factor Authentication Reset: Be cautious of unexpected requests to reset your two-factor authentication (2FA) methods, especially if you didn’t initiate them. Hackers might try to bypass 2FA to gain access to your accounts.